Furniture



06%. 9, 1934. PAUL 1,976,140

FURNITURE Filed June 8, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet l Gd. 9, 1334 3 w P1,976,140

FURN ITURE Filed June 8, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 9, 1934. D. w. PAUL1,976,140

FURNITURE Filed June 8, 1952 s Sheets-Sheet 5 l l I 1 r//////// /Z1'///s/ 1' \\XA \x l 2 l 5+ 25 1o 2* 5% B5 20AM? Nom Patented Oct. 9, 1934UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 19 Claims.

My invention relates to furniture and particularly to collapsibletables, and it has for its object the provision of a new and improvedform and arrangement of parts by reason of which the supporting legs forthe collapsed tabletop are autcmaticaily moved into operative supportingposition when the sections of the table top are straightened out intoalignment with each other. It is one of the objects of my invention toprovide a construction of this type in which the sections of the tabletop when folded together provide a casing within which the supportinglegs together with the operative means for the legs are enclosed andconcealed.

It is one of the objects of my invention to provide an improvedarrangement of parts comprising two body members hingedly connectedtogether at their adjacent side edges, with two legs pivotaily mountedon each member adjacent to its ends, each arranged to swing intoposition along the face of the member so as to be confined within thelimits of said member, means being provided for swin ing the legs intoconfined position when the body members are folded together and forswinging the legs into supporting position with respect to the bodymembers when the members are swung into alignment with each other. tissue of the objects of my invention to provide an improved form ofoperating means for the legs of a device of this character comprisingoperating members moved longitudinally of the hingedly connectedsections as said sections re swung into or out of alignment with eachother and connected with the legs at points spaced from their pivotalmountings for giving the legs a swinging movement longitudinallyof thesections into or out of operative supporting position.

It is one of the objects of my invention to provide improved operatingmeans of this type comprising two cross levers pivotallyconnected-tmgether at intermediate points and movably connected at their ends withthe hinged sections so as to be given a changedangular positionwithrespect to each other and with respect to their cooperating parts as thesections are swung into and out of alignment with each other. It is oneof the objects of my invention to provide improved connections betweensuch pivotally connected levers and the supporting legs for causing saidlegs to swing into and out of supporting position in the desired timedrelation.

It is another object of my invention to improve devices of this type insundry details hereinafter pointed out. The preferred means bywhich Ihave accomplished my several objects are illus-' trated in the drawingsand are hereinafter speci ficahy described. That which I believe to benew and desire to cover by this application is set forth in. the claims.

In the drawings,-

Fig. 1 is a bottom face view of my improved article of furniture in theform of a table, with the sections of the table top in alignment witheach other;

Fig. 2 is an end view of the parts as shown in Fig. 1 but with onesection of the table top swung at a slight angle with respect to theother section, and with the legs and other parts broken away forclearness of illustration;

Figs. 3 and 4 are vertical cross sections taken at lines 33 and 4lrespectively in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a bottom face view of one of the sections of my table, withthe other one of said sections swung at an angle with respect theretoand broken away for clearness of illustration;

Fig. 6 is an end view of my improved table with the sections foldedtogether;

Fig. '7 is a vertical cross section taken at line 7-7 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a. view similar to Fig. 3 but showing a modified form ofconstruction;

Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing a modified form ofoperating means for the supporting legs;

Fig. 10 is a vertical cross section taken at line 10--10 of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a vertical cross section through portions of the two sectionsof my improved table showing the changed position of the operating leverand the associated parts when the sections are folded together; and

Fig. 12 is a vertical cross section taken at line 1212 of Fig. 9.

Referring now to Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive in which corresponding parts areindicated by the same 9 reference characters, 20 and 21 indicate framespivotally connected together along their adjacent side edges by means ofhinges 22, said frames 20 and 21 being provided with table top members23 and 24 respectively of any approved type. In the arrangement shown,legs 25, 26, 2'7 and 28 are pivotally mounted upon the sections at theouter corners thereof upon transversely disposed axes so as to beadapted to swing inwardly against the face of the table top member, eachof said legs being of such length as to be received within the frameworkwhen the sections are folded together. In the arrangement shown, thelegs are mounted in position by means of U-clips 29, but it will beunderstood that the legs might be otherwise mounted.

Upon each of the sections 20 and 21, I have provided a slideway 30 inthe form of a channel or split tube extending longitudinally of the section, being firmly secured in position by means of rivets 31 in spacedposition therealong. Alongside each of the slideways 30, I have provideda second slideway 32 in the form of a rod in position parallel to theslideway 30.

Upon the slideways 30 and 32, I have provided slide blocks 33 made up ofsheet metal and arranged to have free movement longitudinally of theslideways. As is best shown in Fig. 3, the slide block 33 is connectedwith the slide- Way by means of headed bolts 34 which have undercutengagement with the slideways 30. In the construction illustrated, oneend of the slide block 33 is bent into the form of a loop 35 about therod 32. The arrangement is such that the slide blocks are readilymovable longitudinally of the sections but are held very stronglyagainst angular movement with respect to the slideways.

Each of the slide blocks 33 is connected by means of a link 36 with oneof the supporting legs, such link being pivotally connected with both ofsuch parts, the arrangement being such that upon movement of any one ofthe slide blocks 33 longitudinally of the section the corresponding oneof the supporting legs is swung into or out of supporting position withrespect to the section. A leaf spring 37 is provided in connection witheach of the legs in position to be engaged by the leg at the end of itsswinging movement toward the face of the table top so as to provide aslight yielding resistance with respect to the completion of themovement of the leg toward the table top.

Operating links or levers 38 and 39 are provided which in theconstruction shown are pivotally connected together by means of a rivet40 at their middle points. Each of the levers 38 and 39 is provided ateach of its ends with a U-shaped clip 41 which is pivotally connectedwith the lever by means of a rivet 42. The legs of each of the clips 41are at such spaced relation as to fit down over the loop portions 35 ofthe slide blocks 33, such legs of the clips 41 being provided withopenings for mounting the clips so as to be readily slidable upon therods 32. In this manner, each end of each of the levers 38 and 39 isboth slidably and pivotally connected with one of the sections of thetable top, the arrangement being such that the ends of the levers areslidabl longitudinally of the sections.

As is clearly shown in Fig. 1, each of the levers 38 and 39 stands inoblique position with respect to the sections of the table top when suchsections are in alignment with each other, the arrangement being suchthat when one-of the sections is given a swinging movement with respectto the other section as shown in Fig. 2, the levers 38 and 39 are freeto move away from the bottom faces of the sections for permitting suchswinging movement, one or both of the ends of each or" said levers beingadapted to slide longitudinally of the section with which it isconnected for accommodating the changed distance between the rods 32. Asillustrated in Fig. 5, the right hand end of the lever 39 is shown asbeing in the same position longitudinally of the section as thatillustrated in Fig. l, the levers 38 and 39 having changed their angularrelation to each other by reason of sliding movement of the left handend of the lever 38 toward the left. It will be understood that eitheror both of the slide blocks 33 might have been given movementlongitudinally of the sections in lieu of the movement of only one ofsuch slide blocks as shown in the drawings. As will be readilyunderstood, as the distance between the rods 32 decreases in theoperation of folding the sections together, the slide block 33 at theleft in Fig. 5 is given a movement to the limit of its movement towardthe left for carrying the leg 26 into engagement with the top member 23.Upon continued swinging movement of the sections toward their completelyfolded condition, the slide block 33 at the right in Fig. 5 will sooneror later be given a movement toward the right for carrying the leg 25also to its position against the face of the top member 23. Thearrangement is such that when the sections 20 and 21 reach theircompletely folded position as shown in Fig. 6, the supporting legs willall have been swung into position between the sections so as to becompletely enclosed within the casing provided by the sections. In thearrangement shown in Fig. 6, a fastening clip 43 of any approved typecarried by the section 21 is adapted by engagement with a pin 44 carriedby the section 20 to hold the sections releasably in such foldedcondition. As is best shown in Fig. "I, when the sections are inalignment with each other, the levers 38 and 39 bear at their middlepoints against the side bars of the framework of the sections serving toreenforce the structure for preventing one section from sagging withrespect to the other, Fig. '7, of course, being in inverted position.

Upon the middle portion of each of the slide ways 30, I have provided ashield 45 for holding the slideway firmly in position and serving as astop for the slide blocks 33 for limiting their inward movement. Springsl6 upon the rods 32 serve to hold the slide blocks 33 yieldingly intheir innermost position with respect to each other, serving thus toassist in holding the parts in position as shown in Fig. 1. For furtherassuring that the table shall not be collapsed accidentally while inuse, I have provided a slide bar 47 upon the section 20 adapted byengagement with the section 21 to lock the sections in their alignedposition.

Referring now to Fig. 8, which shows a modified form of construction, aslide bar 48 is shown substituted for the split tube or slideway 30.Such bar 48 is mounted in position in spaced relation to the top member23, being held in such spaced relation by means of washers 49 mountedupon the securing rivets 50. In the arrangement here shown a modifiedform of slide block 51 is shown, such slide block 51 being providedwith'short tongues 52 struck from the metal of the device and bentdownwardly and inwardly about the edges of the slide bar 43 for mountingthe slide block effectively in movable position. The slide block 51 isotherwise the same as the slide block 33, and similar referencecharacters are accordingly employed in connection therewith.

In the construction shown in Figs. 9, 10, 11 and 12, which show amodified form of operative connections between the sections and thesupport ing legs, corresponding parts are indicated by the samereference characters as are above desig nated in connection with Figs. 1to 8. In the arrangement shown in said Figs. 9 to 12, square shafts 53are employed in lieu of the slide bars of Fig. 1, such shafts 53 beingmounted in position longitudinally of the table sections in the samemanner as are the rods 32, brackets 54 being provided at the middleportions of the shafts for reenforcing and bracing the shafts.

In the'arrangement as shown in Fig. 9, supporting legs 55, 56, 5'7 and58 are provided each fixedly mounted upon a short shaft 59 revolublvmo1mted in a bracket 60, the arrangement being such that the legs areadapted to swing on transversely extending axes in paths laterallyspaced with respect to each other so that each of the legs is adapted toswing inwardly into position against the face of the table top of thesection upon which it is mounted. Each of the shafts 59 in thearrangement shownv is connected with the adjacent longitudinallyextending shaft 53 by means of bevel gears 61, the arrangement beingsuch that upon a partial rotation of the shaft 53 on either of thesections the supporting legs mounted on that section are swung into orout of supporting position, depending upon the direction of rotation ofsaid shaft 53.

Upon each of the shafts 53, I have provided a slide clip 62 in the formof a yoke which is adapted to move longitudinally of the shaft, but isrotated positively therewith. Such clips 62 upon the spaced shafts 53 asshown in Fig. 9 are connected together by means of a link or lever 63which is pivotally connected at its ends with said clips by means ofrivets 64. The arrangement is such that when the sections are inalignment with each other as shown in Fig. 10 the link or lever 63engages the longitudinally extending bars of the frames 20 and 21,serving to brace the table top sections in their aligned position. Insuch position of the sections, the supporting legs are held in operativesupporting position. When the sections are given an angular movementwith respect to each other for folding them together, the slide blocksor clips 62 are moved longitudinally of the shafts 53 as said shaftsapproach each other in the movement of the sections, serving to swingthe link 63 more nearly into position longitudinally of the sections,and serving to swing the clips 62 about the axes of the shafts 53. Insuch swinging movement of the clips, the clip at the left in Fig. 10 isswung in counterclockwise direction, while the clip at the right in saidfigure is swung in clockwise direction with respect to the respectivesections. Such rocking movements of the shafts 53 serve to swing thesupporting legs toward the face of the table top, the arrangement beingsuch that when the sections are brought into parallel folded positionwith respect to each other the legs are folded against the faces of thetable top sections.

For holding the link or lever 63 normally in the position as shown inFig. 9, I have provided coiled springs 65 upon the shafts between theclips 62 and the bevel gears 61.

While I prefer to employ the construction as shown in my drawings and asabove described, it will be understood that my invention is not limitedthereto except so far as the claims may be so limited by the prior art.

I claim:

1. An article of furniture, comprising in comion two body sectionspivotally connected together along their adjacent side edges, two legs-lly mounted on each of said sections and arranged to swing toward andfrom the sections paths in laterally spaced relation to each other, twolevers each movably connected at its ends with s sections in such manneras to enable its ends to move longitudinally of the sections andarranged so as to stand in crossed relationship to each other with eachlever in oblique position with respect to the sections when saidsections are in alignment with each other, and connections between eachof said levers and two of said legs arranged so that the movement of onesection into and out of alignment with the other section causes saidlegs to swing into and out of porting position with respect to thesections. 2. An article of furniture, comprising in combination two bodysections pivotally connected together along their adjacent side edges,two legs pivotally mounted on said sections at diagonally oppositecorners, two rigid links at opposite sides of the article of furnitureeach pivotally connected with one of said legs, and a third rigid linkextending transversely of the article of furniture in oblique positionboth transversely and longitudinally of the sections when said sectionsare in alignment with each other connected at its ends with said twolinks and also connected with both of said sections with its endsmovable longitudinally of the respective sections adapted to hold thelegs in supporting position when the sections are in alignment with eachother and to cause the legs to swing into retracted position along theinner faces of the sections when the sections are folded together. Y

3. An article of furniture, comprising in combination two body sectionspivotally connected together along their adjacent side edges, two legspivotally mounted on said sections at diagonally opposite corners, slideblocks mounted on said sections so as to move longitudinally thereof, alink pivotally connecting each of said slide blocks with one of saidlegs, and a lever pivotally connected with said slide blocks at pointsspaced from the axis upon which said sections are pivotally connectedtogether adapted when the sections are swung into alignment with eachother to cause said legs to swing into supporting position with respectto the sections and adapted when the sections are folded together tocause the legs to swing into position between said sections.

4. An article of furniture, comprising in combination two body sectionspivotally connected .1

together along their adjacent side edges, a leg pivotally mounted oneach of said sections, a rod mounted on each of said sectionslongitudinally of the section, a lever having its opposite ends slidablymounted on said rods and arranged to stand in oblique position withrespect to the sections when said sections are in alignment with eachother and adapted to have a sliding move ment along the rods and arotary movement with respect to the axes of said rods when the sec- 1;

tions are folded together, and means actuated by the movement of saidlever with respect to its associated parts adapted to cause said legs toswing into supporting position with respect to the sections when saidsections are swung into alignment with each other and to swing intoposition between the sections when said sections are folded together.

5. An article of furniture, comprising in combination two body sectionspivotally connected together along their adjacent side edges, two legspivotally mounted on said sections at diagonally opposite corners, aslideway mounted on each of said sections inspaced relation to the axisupon which said sections are pivotally connected together, slide blocksmounted on said slideway so as to move freely therealong, a leverpivotally connected at its ends to said slide'blocks and arranged sothat said slide blocks are moved longitudinally of the slideways andsaid lever is given a partial rotation with respect to the slide blocksabout an axis extending longitudinally of the lever when said sectionsare swung into and out of alignment with each other, and means connectedwith said legs and actuated by the swing into position between thesections when the sections are folded together.

6. An art'cle of furniture, comprising in combination two body sectionspivotally connected together along their adjacent side edges, two legspivot-ally mounted on each of said sections and arranged to swing towardand from the section in pat s in laterally spaced relation to eachother, a snoeway mounted on each of said sections in spaced relation tothe axis upon which said sections are pivotally connected together,slide blocks mounted on said slldeway so as to move freely therealong,two levers in crossed relationship to each other and pivotally connectedtogether at intermediate points and each pivotally connected at its endsto two of said slide blocks so that said slide blocks are movedlongitudinally of the slideways and each of the levers is given angularmovement with resoect to the connected slide blocks when said sectionsare swung into and out of alignment with each other, and means connectedwith said legs and actuated by the movement of said levers with respectto their associated parts adapted to cause said legs to swing intosupporting position with respect to the sections when said sections areswung into alignment with each other and to swing into position betweenthe sections when the sections are folded together.

'7. An article of furinture, comprising in combination to body sectionspivotally connected together along their adjacent side edges, two legspivotally mounted on said sections at diagonally opposite corners, aslideway in he form of a channel fixedly secured on the face of each ofsaid sections longitudinally of the section, slide blocks havingundercut engagement with said channeled slideways so as to be movablereadily along the slideways but so as to be held against swingingmovement with respect thereto, a lever pivotally connected at its endsto said slide blocks and arranged to stand in oblique position withrespect to the sections when the sections are in alignment with achother and to cause said slide blocks to move along the slideways whenthe sections are swung out of alignment with each other, and linkspivotally connected with said slide blocks and said legs respectivelyadapted when said slide blocks are moved longitudinally of the sectionsto cause said legs to swing with respect to the sections whereby thelegs are moved into supporting position respect to the sections whensaid sections are swung into alignment with each oth and are swung intoposition between the sections when the sections are folded together.

8. An article of furniture, comprising in combination two body sectionspivotally connected together along their acent side edges, two legspivotally mounted on said sections at diagonally opposite corners, a s'deway fixedly secured on the face of each of said sectionslongitudinally the eof, a rod mounted on each of said sections inparallel spaced relation to the slideway thereon, a slide block mountedon the slideway and rod on each section so as to move readilylongitudinally thereof but so as to be held strongly against swingingmovement with respect thereto, a lever slidably mounted at its ends onsaid rods so as to pivot about the axes of the rods and having anoperative connection at each end with one of said slide blocks forgiving said slide blocks movements longitudinally of the sections, and.links pivotally connected at their ends with said slide blocks and saidlegs for causing said legs to swing with respect to the sections whensaid slide blocks are moved longitudinally of the sections, thearrangement being such that said legs are caused to swing into operativesupporting position with respect to the sections when the sections aremoved into alignment with each other and to swing into position betweenthe sections when the sections are folded together.

9. An article of furniture, comprising in combination two body sectionspivotally connected together along the r adjacent side edges, a legpivotally mounted on each of said sections, a lever movably connected atits ends with said sections in such manner as to enable its ends to movelongitudinally of the sections and arranged so as to stand in obliqueposition with respect to the sections when said sections are inalignment with each other, connections between said legs and the ends ofsaid lever adapted when said sections are swung into alignment with eachother to cause said legs to swing into supporting position with respectto the sections and adapted when the sections are folded together tocause said legs to swing into position between the sections, andyielding means adapted at the start of the swinging movement of thesections out of their folded condition to give said legs an initialmovement toward supporting position.

1o. An article of furniture, comprising in combination two body sectionspivotally connected together along their adjacent side edges, two legspivotally mounted on each of said sections and arranged to swing towardand from the section inpaths in laterally spaced relation to each other,two levers each movably connected at its ends with said sections in suchmanner as to enable its ends to move longitudinally of the sections andarranged so as to stand in crossed relationship to each other with eachlever in oblique position with respect to the sections when saidsections are in alignment with each other, connections between each ofsaid levers and two of said legs arranged so that the movement of onesection into and out of alignment with the other section causes saidlegs to swing into and out of supporting position with respect to thesection and yielding means tending to hold said levers in the angledposition with respect to each other corresponding to the unfoldedcondition of the device serving thus to assist in holding the legs inoperative supporting position.

11. An article of furniture, comprising in combination two body sectionspivotally connected together along their adjacent side edges, a legpivotally mounted on each of said sections, a rod mounted on each ofsaid sections longitudinally of the section, a lever having its oppositeends slidably mounted on said rods and arranged to stand in obliqueposition with respect to the sections when said sections are inalignment with each other and adapted to have a sliding movement alongthe rods and a rotary movement with respect to the axes of said rodswhen the sections are folded together, and means actuated by the rotarymovement of said lever about the axes of said rods for causing said legsto swing into operative supporting position with respect to the sectionswhen said sections are moved into alignment with each other and to swinginto position between said sections when the sections are foldedtogether.

12. An articl of furniture, comprising in combination two body sectionspivotally connected together along their adjacent side edges, a shaftrevolubly mounted at each end of each of said sections transverselythereof, a supporting leg fixedly mounted on each of said shafts so asto swing into and out of supporting position as said shaft is rotated,and means actuated by the movement of said sections into alignment witheach other for rotating said shafts for carrying the legs into operativesupporting position and actuated by the movement of the parts when saidsections are folded together for moving the legs into position betweenthe sections.

13. An article of furniture, comprising in combination two body sectionspivotally connected together along their adjacent side edges, a shaftrevolubly mounted at each end of each of said sections transverselythereof, a supporting leg fixedly mounted on each of said shafts so asto swing into and out of supporting position as said shaft is rotated,blocks slidably mounted on said sections, lever means connected withsaid sections and with said blocks adapted to give said blocks slidingmovements along the sections as said sections are moved into and out ofalignment with each other, and operative connections between said blocksand said shafts adapted when said sections are moved into alignment witheach other to rotate said shafts for carrying said legs into operativesupporting position and adapted when said sections are folded togetherto rotate said shafts for moving the legs into position between thesections.

i l. An article of furniture, comprising in combination two bodysections pivotally connected together along their adjacent side edges, ashaft revolubly mounted in transverse position at each end of each ofsaid sections, a leg fixedly mounted on each of said shafts adapted byrotary movement of the shaft to be swung into and out of operativesupporting position with respect to the section, a rod revolubly mountedon each of said sections longitudinally thereof, bevel gears connectingthe rod on each of said sections with the shafts on said section wherebyupon a rotation of said rod through approximately 90 in one directionthe legs on said shafts are swung in unison into operative supportingposition and upon a reverse rotation of the rod are swung in unison intoposition against the face of the section, and a lever having itsopposite ends slidably connected with said rods and arranged to stand inoblique position with respect to the sections when said sections are inalignment with each other and to extend longitudinally of the rods inapproximately 90 turned position with respect to the axes of said rodswhen the sections are folded together, the connection between said leverand said rods being such that said rods are given a rotary movement withsaid lever with respect to the sections for swinging said legs into andout of operative supporting position when said sections are swung intoand out of alignment with each other.

15. In a table, the combination of a top comprising two sectionspivotally connected together at their adjacent side edges, two legspivotally mounted on each of said sections on axes at right angles tothe axis on which said sections are pivotally connected together andeach adapted to be folded longitudinally of the section on which it ismounted into position along the bottom face of the section, a blockslidable longitudinally on one of said sections, connections between oneof said legs and said block serving to give said block a movementlongitudinally of the section when said one leg is swung longitudinallyof the section to its operative supporting position, and otherconnections between said block and a second leg serving when said oneleg is swung to operative supporting position to swing said second legalso to operative supporting position.

16. In a table, the combination of a top comprising two sectionspivotally connected together at their adjacent side edges, two legspivotally mounted on each of said sections on axes at right angles tothe axis on which said sections are pivotally connected together andeach adapted to be folded longitudinally of the section, on which it ismounted into position along the bottom face of the section, blocksslidably connected with said sections on the bottom faces of thesections and movable longitudinally thereof, and connections betweeneach of said blocks and two of said legs adapted when the sections areswung into alignment with each other to give the block a movementlongitudinally of the section upon which it is mounted and adapted atthe same time to swing both of the legs connected with said blocklongitudinally of the section to their operative supporting positions.

17. In a table, the combination of a top comprising two sectionspivotally connected together at their adjacent side edges, two legspivotally mounted on each of said sections on axes at right angles tothe axis on which said sections are pivotally connected together andeach adapted to be folded longitudinally of the section on which it ismounted into position along the bottom face of the section, a lever, andmeans connecting said lever with two of said legs with both of saidsections adapted when said sections are swung into alignment with eachother to give said lever a swinging movement longitudinally of thesections and adapted thereby to swing said legs longitudinally of thesections into operative supporting position.

18. In a table, the combination of a top comprising two comparativelynarrow sections pivotally connected together at their inner side edges,two legs of substantially the same length as that of said sectionspivotally mounted adjacent to the outer edge of each of said sections onaxes positioned transversely of the sections so as to swinglongitudinally of the section into position along the bottom face of thesection, and operative connections between said legs and said sectionsadapted when said sections are folded together to give said legsswinging movements toward said sections during the first part of thefolding operation for causing the legs on each section to clear theother section inthe folding operation so as to be enclosed between thesections.

19. An article of furniture, comprising in combination two body sectionspivotally connected together along their adjacent side edges, legspivotally mounted on said sections respectively at diagonally oppositecorners of the device for swinging longitudinally of the respectivesections, a lever movably connected with both of said sections adaptedwhen said sections are folded together transversely to be swung by itsengagement with the sections into substantially longitudinal positionwith respect to the sections, and connections between said legs and therespective end portions of said lever adapted upon movement of onesection into and out of alignment with the other section to cause saidlegs to swing into and out of supporting position with respect to saidsections.

DONALD W. PAUL.

